Improvement in testing-machines



2 Smets-Sheet l T OLSEN Testing-Machine.

Patented Mar. 25, i879.

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Testing-Machine. No. 213,525. Patented Mar. 25,1879'.

@Umoja UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE,

TINIUS OLSEN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVEMENT iN TESTING-MACHINES.

Specification forming part of LcttersPatent No. 213,525, dated March 25, 1879; application tiled October' ll., 1875.

To all 10710712y fit may concern:

Be it known that I, TINIUs OLsEN, ot' the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and uset'nlImprovementin Testing-Machines, of which the following is a speeiiication:

The invention relates more particularly to testing-machines in which the specimen is held in a vertical position, and also to the manner of securing the same.

IIeretot'ore such vertical testing-machines, as they are called, have been principally constructed for producing tensile tests only, and when compression or transverse tests were to be made they could not readily be done, eX- cepting by the introduction of expensive appliances, which also required considerable time and inconvenience to place in position and remove again, and are consequently objectionable.

ln machines of this style,in which a hydraulic 4riack has been the means of applying the strain to the specimen, the leakages and other dei'ects attributable to valves and paekin g have been the serions obstacle to retaining a certain pressure or strain on the specimen for any desired length of time, as is ot'ten necessary; also, the i'ormer plan adopted for holdin g speci` mens for tensile strain is objectionable, especially ot' brittle substances or such having little or no ductility, as the line otA strain seldom adjusts itself to the center ot' the specimen. rihis has most clearly been demonstrated in testing such specimens as cement.

The object of my invention is to provide an ordinary vertical testing-machine with a device combiningsimplicityot1 construction, with a wide range of usefulness, for applying' sev eral kinds of test 5 also, for an effectual means ot' holding' the strain exerted upon a specimen by a hydraulic jack for any length of time desirable, and, further, for adjusting the line of strain to the center ot' the specimen.

The invention consists in so arranging the specimen or tool holders that the different tests can be accomplished.

It also consists in the arrangement ot' the hydraulic jack, with certain application of screws and chain-wheels, so as to hold the strain upon the specimen.

It nally consists in the manner in which the specimen is held.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar letters of reference indicate like parts, Figure I is an elevation embodying my invention, Pig. II, a vertical cross-section through the center ot' the machine 5 Pig. III, enlarged section through jack; Fig. IIII, section of details as applied for compression-tests; Pi Y, as applied for transverse tests; Fig. VI, side view; Fig. VII, plan oi" tools for holding specimen.

A cross-head, A, Pigs. I and II, to which the top tools B are secured, is suspended on the pivot E ot' lever F by the bars C and steel bearings D, and the strain to which the specimen is subjected is transmitted to the graduated weighing-beam I through the levers G and Il, all ot' which are properly connected together. rPhe lower specimen-holders are secured in the cross-head K, which, by rods L, cross-head M, and rods N, are connected to the hydraulic jack O.

Between cross-heads K and M is a cross head, P, guided on both sides in long guides Q, on the trame-work or columns It. rPhrou gh same cross-head P the rods L move easily. The object of having the rods L pass through the cross-head P is to hold the same in proper position-viz., to hold the rods L and the crossheads K, M, and P in proper position.

The cross-head P is suspended by links S from the upper cross-head, A, and thereby making it a part of the weighing mechanism of the machine.

To the lugs I), projecting out on both sides from the bottom et' hydraulic jack O, Fig. III, are rodsT secured. On the rods T tit the sleeves U, which extend upward above the rods T as screws, and run as such through the threaded sleeves or nuts V, which pass through the ends ot' the cross-head W ot the plunger in the jack 0. Sleeves V have se cured on their under sides the chain-wheels X.. 0n their upper sides are secured the handwh'eels Y. The chain Z will transmit to the other sleeve any motion that one sleeve may receive. In sleeves U are pawls a', which, when the sleeves U are all down upon the lugs b, iit into a groove on rods T, and are held block. On journals t' i are links l, connected" together by the chain m. This ch ain rims over the pulley n, which is free to revolve on pin 0 in yoke p. lIn the yoke 7c is a set-screw, o", which presses the sliding block g up against the specimen d sutticiently to create the necessary friction to hold it. On the other end of the specimen is a similar arrangement.

The yokes p are secured in the testing-machine in the ordinary manner by pins, bolts,

or wedges.

It will be seen that by this arrangement the line of strain will adjust itself to the center of` down, the sleeves are screwed down with any or both of the hand-wheels until the pawls a will bein their corresponding grooves on rods T. The motion ot1 the hand-wheels is then re versed and the jack lifted up to any desired height within its limit( The specimen or tools holding the same, as the case may be, are secured to the cross-heads A and K.' The jack is then forced down by pressure of a iiuid pumped into it by an ordinary hydraulic pump, a, and the strain exerted upon the specimen is communicated, through the system of levers, to the weighing-beam I and balanced.

The arrangement for compression-tests is shown in Fig. IIII. The test specimen e is placed upon the cross-*head P. Under crosshead-K is secured a block, f, .so as to make a level and parallel surface with the top of crosshead P. The jack is forced down, and the remainder of the operation is similar to that of making a tensile test.

The arrangement for transverse test is shown in Fig. V. The test specimen t is placed upon the cross-head P, each end of which extends upward, and provides a space under the' specimen for the deflection or bending of the same. To the cross-head K, and underneath the same, is secured a blunt V-shaped block, h. The jack, and with it the cross-headK and block h, is forced down, and the test made in a similar manner ras a tensile test. What I claim is- 1. Cross-head P and suspension-links S, in combination with the cross-heads Aand K, arranged as and for the purpose specified.

2. The rods T, sleeves and screws U, nuts V, chain-wheels X, chain Z, pawls a., and spring c, in combination with jack O and cross-head W, substantiallyas described, as and for' the purpose set forth.

3. The yoke k, sliding block g, links l, chain on, pulley n, yoke p, and set-screw 1', arranged as and for the purpose herein specified.

yrriNrUs oLsnN.

Witnesses:

I. N. DE HAVEN, Gnus. RoBsoN. 

